Abstract
Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid mixture isolated from milk thistle which is believed to be responsible for the plant’s hepatoprotective action. Silymarin is hepatoprotective flavonoid drug available as bio marker in Silybun marianum (common name milk thistle). Silymarin is being used in treatment of various liver disease of different etiology because of its hepatoprotective action. Phytochemicals are playing a vital role for the treatment of different types of diseases and still used in both traditional and modern medication system. The phytochemical analysis of milk thistle seeds extract indicated that the plant is rich in secondary compounds. The results revealed that milk thistle seeds contain high amount of total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds. The antibacterial activities of the ethanol seeds extract of milk thistle was tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aures) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella entirica). Antibacterial effects of crude extract were performed using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique to determine the zone of inhibition. The results demonstrated that ethanol seeds extract of milk thistle is shown strong inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aures and Salmonella entirica compared to the control. Also, milk thistle seeds extract showed highly anticancer activity. This medicinal plant could be developed into affordable and safe standardized herbal products and may serve as a source of new molecules for broad-spectrum anticancer, antimicrobial agents.
Highlights
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a diploid species with 2n=16 chromosomes
9 released Chickpea varieties were obtained from Debrazayit Agriculture Research Centre (DzARC) and evaluated for adaptability of the varieties
The experiment was conducted at two locations viz. Bule hora and Abaya
Summary
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a diploid species with 2n=16 chromosomes. It is a self-pollinated crop, with natural cross-pollination of up to one per cent [1]. Chickpea is among the oldest crops, being domesticated in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 years ago [2] and named as Bengal gram (Indian), Chickpea (English), Garbanzo (Latin America), Hommes, Hamaz (Arab world), Nohud, Lablabi (Turkey), Shimbra (Ethiopia) It is the lone domesticated species among the 44 species comprising 33 perennial and eight annual wild species and highly preferred pulse for human consumption within the genus Cicer [3], family Fabaceae, tribe Cicerae. For example a half-cup serving provides 7 g of protein (10% of our daily requirement) and 6 g of fiber (20% of our daily requirement) [7] It plays a significant role in improving soil fertility by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen. It can fix up to 140 kg N ha-1 from air and meet most of its nitrogen requirement [8]
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