Abstract
Calcium absorption of standard milk is influenced by types of fat, other than types of calcium salts, vitamin D, PTH hormone, etc. However, calcium absorption on different fat content, particularly on milk, has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the fat content of milk on the absorption of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate mixture in rats. Experiments were conducted using 24 male Sprague Dawley rats fed with low-fat milk (0.5% fat), high-fat milk (26% fat), standard milk (8% fat) and without milk for three weeks. Amount of feed consumed, feces and urine samples were collected to determine the amount of absorbed calcium for five days in the third week. Calcium content in the samples was analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The results showed that there were no difference in calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate absorption among rats fed with low-fat milk, high-fat milk and standard milk. The calcium absorption level from milk reached an average of around 98.67±0.22%. The absorption level of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate mixture from milk was higher than control rats that were not fed with any milk. Fat content in milk did not affect the absorption of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate mixture, but the milk consumption could increase the calcium absorption, compared to control.
Highlights
Milk is a nutritious beverage that is required by human during their growth period (Miller et al, 2007; Brown, 2011)
Calcium absorption inside the body is influenced by the presence of Vitamin D and iron (Masri, 2011), synergistic action of vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Hoenderop et al, 2005), the ratio between calcium and phosphorous (Ayed dan Thannoun, 2006), the form of calcium salts (Howard et al, 2013), nano calcium (Park et al, 2007), pH, protein, fat, the presence of oxalate or phytate (Muchtadi et al, 1993; Almatsier, 2004) and the presence of lactose in milk (Abrams et al, 2002)
Et al (2003) reported that PUFA n-6 linoleic acid from plants could increase calcium absorption compared to PUFA n-3 from the animal
Summary
Milk is a nutritious beverage that is required by human during their growth period (Miller et al, 2007; Brown, 2011). High calcium content in milk made this product is recommended as a beverage to fulfill the requirement of calcium in the human body (Shinya, 2001). One of the factors that can influence calcium absorption is the types of fat of the food products. Et al (2003) reported that PUFA n-6 linoleic acid from plants could increase calcium absorption compared to PUFA n-3 from the animal. Lutz and Scharrer (1991) showed that short-chain fatty acids could increase calcium absorption, as well as medium-chain triglycerides (Agnew and Holdsworth, 1971). Calcium absorption can be increased with the presence of those types of fat. According to Muchtadi et al (1993), the presence of fat would decrease calcium absorption, associated with an increase in fat transit time in the digestive tract
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