Abstract
The U.S. EPA is considering segregated flow analysis as an alternative calculation method to determine Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation credit in continuous-flow ozone contactors in drinking water treatment facilities. A computer method is presented in which C. parvum inactivation in the reactive flow segment of a hypothetical ozone contactor with a pre-determined residence time distribution is calculated based on the assumption of either completely segregated or completely micro-mixed flow. In a series of computer simulations using typical ozonation conditions in a water treatment facility, inactivation predicted assuming complete segregation was 0.3 to more than 2.0 log greater than that predicted assuming complete micro-mixing, depending on the level of back-mixing, ozone decomposition rate and inactivation level. CFSTR-in-series model predictions of inactivation were between those of segregated flow analysis and micro-mixed analysis. It was concluded that segregated flow analysis calculations may result in significant over-prediction of C. parvum inactivation credit in ozone contactors and should be used with caution.
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