Abstract
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), a by-product of CPO industry, contains approx. 82%-wt of free fatty acids, which can be utilized as raw material for Magnesium Salts of Fatty Acids (Mg-PFAD). The objectives of the experiment were to produce Mg-PFAD salts through saponification-fusion reaction of PFAD at low temperature and ambient pressure and investigate the effect of MgO to fatty acid molar ratio on reaction conversion and yield. Next, washing Mg-PFAD salts with ethanol was able to facilitate the recovery of vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol) from PFAD. Composition of Mg-PFAD were determined by AAS and GC analysis. Based on the data, yield of Mg-PFAD was increased by the increased of MgO to PFAD molar ratio. Mg-content of the product was within the standard according to FAO reference (4-5%-wt). Reaction was completed within 5-7 min after the addition of H2O (as catalyst).
Highlights
Indonesia is one of the largest Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producers in the world, where the production was reported to reach 33.4 million tons in 2015 [1]
This research aims to investigate the effect of molar ratio between free fatty acid (FFA) in Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and MgO on reaction conversion and its magnesium salts’ yield, which are substantial for process optimization at later stages
The number of FFA in PFAD obtained from different by-products of CPO processing may vary
Summary
Indonesia is one of the largest Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producers in the world, where the production was reported to reach 33.4 million tons in 2015 [1]. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is by-product of the CPO refining process from the deodorization unit, with a high fatty acid content of 82% and is estimated to be about 4% -w CPO [2] This fatty acid can be utilized to produce metal salts, such as magnesium stearate, which is abundantly used in food and pharmaceutical industries as emulsifier, lubricants, anti-caking agent. Reduced mass flow and massive stacking of vitamin E will increase the vitamin E content in PFAD up to 5 times higher than in CPO, which is about 4000-5000 ppm or about 0.5%-w [3]. This will increase the feasibility of vitamin E extraction from PFAD
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