Effect of MgO and CuO Nanoparticles on increasing Tannin and Phenol Compounds of Punica granatum L. using Shoot Tip In vitro

Abstract

Secondary metabolites are the bioactive compounds in plants used pharmacologically for human health. For the development and growth, Punica granatum L. plants produce tannin and phenol compounds in addition to those primary metabolic and biosynthetic routes for associated compounds. Many such compounds are medicinal and play an important role in various treatments. However, these medicinal compounds are produced in small quantities within the plant; thus it is necessary to stimulate the plant to increase the amount of production. This research aimed at increasing the said compounds, viz., secondary metabolites (tannins and phenols) in the P. granatum L. plant. In order to achieve this, different concentrations of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) (i.e., 3.5, 5.5, 8, and 12 mg/L) and CuO NPs (i.e., 4.5, 8, 13, and 18 mg/L) were added to the callus media in vitro. Then, using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, the quantity of these compounds was measured, and a comparison was drawn with the quantity of these compounds present in the mother plant. From the results, it was observed that using MgO and CuO NPs, highly significant differences were caused. It was found that the tannin compounds got increased using 8 and 12 mg/L, and 8, 13, and 18 mg/L of MgO and CuO NPs, respectively. Whereas the phenol compounds got increased using 3.5, 8, and 12 mg/L, and 4.5, 8, 13, and 18 mg/L of MgO and CuO NPs, respectively.