Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome with multisystem involvement which leads to fetal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality. A model of salt-loaded pregnant rats has been previously studied, sharing several pathological characteristics of preeclamptic women. In this study, it was compared the effects of the treatment with an oral magnesium salt, magnesium gluconate (Mg-gluconate), on the osmotic fragility of red blood cells, lipid peroxidation, and PMCA activity of placental homogenates and red blood cell ghosts in salt-loaded pregnant rats. Mg-gluconate has a higher antioxidant capacity than MgSO4 due to the presence of several hydroxyl groups in the two anions of this salt. Salt-loaded pregnant rats received 1.8% NaCl solution ad libitum as a beverage during the last week of pregnancy. On day 22nd of pregnancy, the rats were euthanized and red blood cells and placenta were obtained. Salt-loaded pregnant rats showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation and a lowered PMCA activity in placental and red blood cell ghosts, as well as an increased osmotic fragility of their red blood cells. The treatment of the salt-loaded pregnant rats with Mg-gluconate avoids the rise in the level of lipid peroxidation and the concomitant lowering of the PMCA activity of their red blood cell membranes, reaching values similar to those from control pregnant rats. Also, this treatment prevents the increase of the osmotic fragility of their red blood cells, keeping values similar to those from control pregnant rats. Mg-gluconate seems to be an important candidate for the replacement of the MgSO4 treatment of preeclamptic women.
Highlights
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex, pregnancy-related multisystemic disorder that annually affects an estimated 8.5 million pregnant women worldwide (Burton et al, 2019)
We have shown that blood plasma, red blood cells ghosts, and placental homogenates of salt-loaded pregnant rats show an increased level of lipid peroxidation, as well as a concomitant, lowered PMCA activity (Rojas et al, 2015) which was previously shown in both red blood cell ghosts and syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes from preeclamptic pregnant women (Matteo et al, 1998; Abad et al, 2012)
The virgin female rats of the first group were divided as follows: control non-pregnant rats that had tap water during 1 week (CNP); control non-pregnant rats had tap water with Mg-gluconate during 1 week (CNP+Mg-gluconate); salt-loaded non-pregnant rats were kept drinking a solution of 1.8% NaCl (SLNP); and salt-loaded non-pregnant rats were kept drinking a solution of 1.8% NaCl with Mg-gluconate during 1 week (SLNP+Mggluconate)
Summary
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex, pregnancy-related multisystemic disorder that annually affects an estimated 8.5 million pregnant women worldwide (Burton et al, 2019). This syndrome is associated with substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, complicating 2–8% of pregnancies worldwide (Steegers et al, 2010). Oxidative stress biomarkers have been described in red blood cells, blood plasma, and placental tissue of women with PE during the last 50 years (Roberts and Cooper, 2001; Madazli et al, 2002; Takacs et al, 2003). The severity of the disease is related to the level of lipid peroxidation both in serum (Serdar et al, 2006) and red blood cells (Madazli et al, 1999)
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