Abstract
This paper aimed at studying the effect of magnesium concentration in molten aluminum produced from beverage cans on the process of aluminothermic reduction of Mn2O3 particles obtained from the cathodes of discharged alkaline batteries. The experimental results were analyzed by using thermodynamic fundamentals and kinetic modeling, while the characterization of the reaction products obtained allowed the mechanism of the process to be described. It was found that the addition of magnesium improves the wettability of solid particles by molten aluminum, thus increasing the reaction and its subsequent incorporation into the molten aluminum solution of Mn released from the reduction reaction. This work was carried out using several initial magnesium concentrations; 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 wt %, under a constant temperature of 1073 K, a constant treatment time of 240 min, and a constant agitation speed of 200 rpm. The results show that the higher the initial magnesium concentration in the molten alloy, the higher the speed of the chemical reduction reaction of the Mn2O3 particles.
Highlights
Discharged alkaline batteries should be considered as hazardous residues due to their high toxicity levels and the quantities produced worldwide
We present and discusses the results obtained from the study of the aluminothermic reduction process of Mn2 O3 powder as a function of the initial magnesium concentration
The chemical reactions described below arise during the aluminothermic reduction process of Mn2 O3
Summary
Discharged alkaline batteries should be considered as hazardous residues due to their high toxicity levels and the quantities produced worldwide Once exhausted, they are normally disposed of in the garbage, so that the metals and toxic materials that they contain have harmful effects on the health of the human beings [1,2]. It is important to mention that aluminium, with an annual global consumption of 24 million metric tons, is the most highly consumed non-ferrous metal in the world. Of this quantity, 75% is primary aluminum extracted directly from bauxite; the remainder is secondary aluminum or recycled aluminum [3], which does not lose any of the properties that it had before being processed. The usage of certain materials that are discarded every day, such as aluminum cans from beverages and discharged alkaline batteries, is an opportunity for researching the preparation of new materials or alloys
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