Abstract
Enhanced oxidative stress is closely related to aging and impaired metabolic health and is influenced by diet-derived nutrients and energy. Recent studies have shown that methionine restriction (MetR) is related to longevity and metabolic health in organisms from yeast to rodents. The effect of MetR on lifespan extension and metabolic health is mediated partially through a reduction in oxidative stress. Methionine metabolism is involved in the supply of methyl donors such as S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM), glutathione synthesis and polyamine metabolism. SAM, a methionine metabolite, activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and suppresses autophagy; therefore, MetR can induce autophagy. In the process of glutathione synthesis in methionine metabolism, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced through cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase; however, MetR can induce increased H2S production through this pathway. Similarly, MetR can increase the production of polyamines such as spermidine, which are involved in autophagy. In addition, MetR decreases oxidative stress by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria. Thus, MetR can attenuate oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms, consequently associating with lifespan extension and metabolic health. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of MetR on lifespan extension and metabolic health, focusing on the reduction in oxidative stress.
Highlights
Published: 29 January 2021Aging is a universal process that affects all organs and decreases their function
methionine restriction (MetR) may be a strong candidate for improving longevity and metabolic health, as indicated by the data from animal studies, partially through a reduction in oxidative stress via multiple mechanisms (Figure 3)
It is impossible to perform long-term randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of dietary interventions, including MetR, on longevity in humans; as a healthy dietary pattern, MetR
Summary
Aging is a universal process that affects all organs and decreases their function. Agerelated cellular dysfunction leads to failure to maintain cellular homeostasis, resulting in a decline in the responsiveness to intracellular stresses, including oxidative stress. Enhanced oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of the aging process, age-related disease and the impairment of metabolic health [1]. Without malnutrition has been recognized as one of the experimental methods for lifespan extension and the improvement of metabolic health in organisms, partially through a reduction in cellular oxidative stress [3]. MetR-induced beneficial effects on lifespan extension and metabolic health are mediated partially through a reduction in oxidative stress via multiple mechanisms [11], as described as follows: (1). These mechanisms are induced by MetR and contribute to a reduction in oxidative stress, which is associated with lifespan extension and metabolic health. We summarize the current understanding of the effects of MetR on lifespan extension and metabolic health, focusing on the reduction in oxidative stress
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