Effect of Metformin on FSH, LH and Prolactin Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting young females. They present with irregular menses, infertility, obesity, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, etc. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit insulin resistance. Insulin sensitizers, especially metformin, have been shown to improve the hormonal & biochemical profile, but there are only a few studies on their effects on serum FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), and Prolactin in PCOS. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the dynamics of FSH, LH, and Prolactin and the effect of metformin therapy on their levels in patients of PCOS. Methods: In this study, 60 women aged 16-40 years with PCOS were selected. Diagnostic criteria were based on the diagnostic criteria of PCO syndrome in Rotterdam ESHRE (European Society for Human Reproduction) / ASRM (American Society of Reproductive Medicine) Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2004). Samples of peripheral blood were taken from all patients. Serum levels of FSH, LH and prolactin along with routine investigations were estimated at the start of treatment and were repeated after 6 months of metformin treatment in a dosage of 1500 mg in divided doses. Also, BMI was compared before and after treatment. Results: The mean BMI before treatment was 24.6  2.9 kg/m 2 and after treatment was 23.8 2.8 kg/m 2 (p<0.0001). The mean FSH levels before and after treatment were 10.55  6.22 mIU/ml and 9.69  4.07 mIU/ml respectively (p < 0.1374). Mean LH levels before and after treatment were 22.34  11.49 mIU/ml and 15.65  6.09 mIU/ml respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean LH/FSH ratio before and after treatment was 2.55  1.35 and 1.79  0.79 respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean prolactin level before treatment was 20.99  8.37 ng/ml and after treatment was 18.05  5.22 ng/ml (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In women with PCOS, metformin treatment had beneficial effects on hormonal profile and therefore it could be useful in the correction of menstrual irregularity, anovulation and infertility in these women.