Abstract
Novel Cd2+ ions mediated reproducible hybrid graphite-diamond nanowire (G-DNWs; Cd2+-NDS1 NW) growth from 4-Amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (S1) functionalized diamond nanoparticles (NDS1) via supramolecular assembly is reported and demonstrated through TEM and AFM images. FTIR, EDX and XPS studies reveal the supramolecular coordination between functional units of NDS1 and Cd2+ ions towards NWs growth. Investigations of XPS, XRD and Raman data show the covering of graphite sheath over DNWs. Moreover, HR-TEM studies on Cd2+-NDS1 NW confirm the coexistence of less perfect sp2 graphite layer and sp3 diamond carbon along with impurity channels and flatten surface morphology. Possible mechanisms behind the G-DNWs growth are proposed and clarified. Subsequently, conductivity of the as-grown G-DNWs is determined through the fabrication of a single Cd2+-NDS1 NW device, in which the G-DNW portion L2 demonstrates a better conductivity of 2.31 × 10−4 mS/cm. In addition, we investigate the temperature-dependent carrier transport mechanisms and the corresponding activation energy in details. Finally, comparisons in electrical resistivities with other carbon-based materials are made to validate the importance of our conductivity measurements.
Highlights
Research on nanowires (NWs) growth has become essential due to its diverse applications [1,2,3,4]
In the presence of Cd2+ ions, graphite-diamond nanowires (G-DNWs) are formed with 24% reproducibility, which is higher than that of other metal ions
Impurity channels and existence of Cd2+ ions over the DNWs surface are clearly demonstrated by EDX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results
Summary
Research on nanowires (NWs) growth has become essential due to its diverse applications [1,2,3,4]. Research on hybrid graphite-diamond nanowires (G-DNWs) in electrochemical, sensing and semiconducting utilities are still intensive [15,16,17,18]. These G-DNWs are employed in many novel nanoelectronic devices [19,20,21]. The conductivity of the graphite sheath enfolding over the insulator diamond in G-DNWs can be improved by tuning the sp3/sp carbon ratio [24]. It is essential to find alternatives for the fabrication of the G-DNWs in a cost-effective way
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