Effect of mercerization on the physico-chemical properties of matured and seasoned Cocos nucifera fibers for making sustainable composites

Abstract

This study is mainly focused to exploit the potential of the leftover Cocos nucifera fibers that remains after taking the fruit. These fibers are extracted and are seasoned under sunlight for 120 days before using them for the study. Alkaline treatment on the fibers and its effect on the moisture content, density and chemical composition are studied by conducting characterization techniques. Characterization studies such as Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Thermo-gravimetric studies are conducted to determine to the micro-structural characterization changes that have taken place as a result of mercerization on the matured and seasoned fibers. It is seen from the FTIR studies that the hydrogen bond energy of the untreated fibers doubled from 3.938 kJ to 7.875 kJ along with corresponding increase in hydrogen bond distance upon mercerization. Removal of amorphous components in fibers guarantee improved adhesion between fibers and matrix during composite fabrication. X-ray diffraction studies and thermogravimetric analysis show 16.75% increase in crystalline index and enhanced thermal stability respectively upon mercerization. Removal of gummy amorphous polysaccharides after mercerization causes reduction in decomposition temperature to a lower temperature of 462 °C from 485 °C. This study thus concludes that matured and seasoned Cocos nucifera fibers can be potentially used as polymeric reinforcements and their properties can be enhanced after mercerization to produce relatively stronger, light weight sustainable composites like automobile interiors, packaging cases and mobile phone covers.