Abstract
Drop-on-demand (DOD) electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing uses a nozzle and pulsated electric fields to eject small ink droplets of functional material to the appointed spot of a substrate at the appointed time, which offers solutions of high resolution patterning for fabrication of printed electronics, bioengineering, and display. Because the EHD jet connects fine drops to yield a fine pattern, it is essential to realize high throughput by generating drops quickly and reliably. In this study, the characteristics of jetting frequency were experimentally investigated as a function of nozzle dimensions by measuring response of jetting frequency to pulsating frequency which is varying from 1 Hz to 2000 Hz. The results showed that, even when the nozzle diameter is the same, the other dimensions of the nozzle significantly change the response of jetting to high pulsating frequency. Using a linear damping model describing hydrodynamic motion of ink inside the nozzle, the different behavior of the jetting frequency was explained via the different damping ratio of the oscillating ink: contrary to an underdamped system, an overdamped system supports a jetting frequency higher than the natural frequency.
Highlights
Direct printing of functional electronic materials has attracted considerable interest
There have been studies to understand the fundamental mechanism of electro-hydro-dynamic jet (EHD-jet) printing; the physics of EHD-jet printing and the parameters that affect the printing are not yet clearly understood, and these parameters will be significant for high resolution, uniform, and reproducible printing
4a, where the estimated damping ratio, ink drops are printed at the designed drop spacing of μm for
Summary
Direct printing of functional electronic materials has attracted considerable interest. EHD-jet printing is a technique that uses electric fields between the nozzle and an opposing conducting substrate to make the functional electronic material flow from a nozzle via electro-hydro-dynamics. Understanding the movements of ink inside the nozzle is, crucial to achieve highis, to achieve speed jetting with small drops in advanced manufacturing. A usefulamodel describetothedescribe electro-hydro-dynamic movements movements of ink in the nozzle as an oscillatory system to explain the jetting stability the pulse electric of ink in the nozzle as an oscillatory system to explain the jetting stability with the with electric pulse frequency, which introduces the natural frequency andratio damping ratio ofasthe system as frequency, which introduces the natural frequency and damping of the system a function of a function of ink property and nozzle geometry They clearly showed that, in their underdamped ink property and nozzle geometry.
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