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Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the capoeira-branca (Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal) fruits cultivated in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The fruit growth was evaluated, from inflorescence to ripening. For this, measurements were made weekly. The fruits were harvested and separated at three developmental maturation stages (1-immature; 2-green mature; 3-mature), according to the color and size. Then, the fruits were evaluated by size, weight, color, respiration, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, soluble pectin, centesimal composition, vitamin C and antioxidant activity at three stages. During maturation, the fruits showed increase in mass (0.4076 to 0.9956 g), size (7.9 to 12.2 mm), glycidic fraction (15.95 to 27.23%) and ash (0.94 to 1.60%) and reduction in firmness (4.23 to 1.50 kgf), moisture (79.24 to 69.45%) and protein (3.49 to 1.41%) contents. Furthermore, there was increase in soluble solids content (8.80 to 13.80%), antioxidant activity (62.57 to 69.63 μM de trolox.g-1 and 1880.34 to 4602.40 mg.100g-1) and vitamin C (46.81 to 236.02 mg.100g-1) and a decrease in the total phenolics (257.58 to 171.00 mg.100g-1) and soluble pectin (0.92 to 0.69 mg.g-1). The fruits, even after ripening, maintained their greenish color, although less intense than that observed in immature and mature green fruits.
Highlights
The capoeira-branca (Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is known as “gravitinga”, “tomate selvagem” and “fumo bravo”
The fruits were evaluated by size, weight, color, respiration, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, soluble pectin, centesimal composition, vitamin C and antioxidant activity at three stages
Several studies have evaluated the influence of different maturation stages on unconventional fruit characteristics, that is, those of little economic relevance and which are usually not part of human food, such as blueberry (Pérez & Mojica, 2018), besides several Brazilian native fruits (Gonçalves et al, 2017; Guedes et al, 2017; Henrique et al, 2017)
Summary
The capoeira-branca (Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is known as “gravitinga”, “tomate selvagem” and “fumo bravo”. It is characterized as a small tree, with a height between 4 and 6 meters and occurs in the northwest region of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil, mostly in secondary forests and degraded areas (Vallés et al, 2008, 2011). The accompaniment of physical and chemical changes that occur during the fruit physiological development can be useful in culture management, assisting in determining the appropriate harvesting time, leading to increased productivity, loss reduction and quality maintenance (Lago et al, 2020; Magalhães et al, 2019). Considering the lack of studies on capoeira-branca fruits, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fruit growth curve and to characterize them as to the physical and chemical changes that occurred during their development and demonstrate the potential of this species as an unconventional source of nutrients and bioactive compounds
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