Abstract
Effects of marine microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa 55% ethanol extract (CPE55) on lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and regulation mechanism in high fat diet-fed induced hyperlipidaemia rats were investigated. Structure characterizations of major compounds in CPE55 were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The compositions of gut microbiota in rats were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral administration with CPE55 markedly alleviated dyslipidemia through improving adverse blood lipid profile and inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. CPE55 has downregulated the gene expression levels of acetyl CoA carboxylase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and upregulated adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α. It has also improved the abundance of bacteria Alistipes, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Ruminococcus1 and decreased the abundances of Turicibacter and Lachnospira. Turicibacter and Lachnospira were both positive correlations of metabolic phenotypes. The findings above illustrated that CPE55 might be developed as food ingredients to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and hyperlipidaemia.
Highlights
Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a major health burden, which is associated with hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular, and other metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1,2].Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and atherosclerotic diseases, which are characterized by higher levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and is accompanied by lower levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [3]
The results suggested that Chlorella pyrenoidosa 55% ethanol extract (CPE55) had displayed protective effect and decreased the fat accumulation to a certain extent
It was the first research to reveal the effects of ethanol extract from C. pyrenoidosa on lipid metabolism in the liver by influencing relational gene expressions and reversing the shift of the serum lipid profile, and regulating gut microbiome
Summary
Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a major health burden, which is associated with hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular, and other metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1,2]. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and atherosclerotic diseases, which are characterized by higher levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and is accompanied by lower levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [3]. With considerable changes in lifestyle, the number of patients with LMD has increased dramatically in recent years. The incidence of Asian LMD is gradually approaching the level of Western countries [4]. Many studies of LMD were focus on investigating urban and rich. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 498; doi:10.3390/md16120498 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs
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