Abstract
BackgroundMarine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have a beneficial effect on inflammation via lowering pro-inflammatory eicosanoid concentrations. We aimed to assess the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFA on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) through systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Method and FindingsA structured search strategy on PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane up to November 2015 was undertaken in this meta-analysis. Standard mean difference was used to calculate the effect size of marine-derived n-3 PUFA on PGE2, TXB2 and LTB4 in a random-effect model. A total of 18 RCTs with 826 subjects were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Supplementation of marine-derived n-3 PUFA significantly decreased concentrations of TXB2 in serum/plasma in subjects with high risk of cardiovascular diseases (SMD:-1.26; 95% CI: -1.65, -0.86) and LTB4 in neutrophils in unhealthy subjects (subjects with non-autoimmune chronic diseases or auto-immune diseases) (SMD:-0.59: 95% CI: -1.02, -0.16). Subgroup analyses showed a significant reduction of LTB4 in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (SMD: -0.83; 95% CI: -1.37, -0.29), but not in non-autoimmune chronic disease patients (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.97, 0.31). No significant publication bias was shown in the meta-analysis.ConclusionsMarine-derived n-3 PUFA had a beneficial effect on reducing the concentration of TXB2 in blood of subjects with high risk of CVD as well as LTB4 in neutrophils in unhealthy subjects, and that subjects with RA showed lower LTB4 content with supplementation of marine-derived n-3 PUFA.
Highlights
Previous studies have shown that inflammation plays a significant role in a number of widespread and destructive chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1] and non-autoimmune chronic diseases including obesity and insulin resistance [2], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [3] and several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease [4]
Marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) had a beneficial effect on reducing the concentration of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in blood of subjects with high risk of CVD as well as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in neutrophils in unhealthy subjects, and that subjects with RA showed lower LTB4 content with supplementation of marinederived n-3 PUFA
The effects of n-3 PUFA on arachidonic acid (AA)-derived major eicosanoids still remains controversial: several studies suggested that marine-derived n-3 PUFA resulted in decreased Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [13], TXB2 [14] and LTB4 [15], while increased PGE2 [16] and TXB2 [17] in response to n-3 PUFA were found in some other studies
Summary
Previous studies have shown that inflammation plays a significant role in a number of widespread and destructive chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1] and non-autoimmune chronic diseases including obesity and insulin resistance [2], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [3] and several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease [4]. Previous studies have shown that increased intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially marine-derived n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] docosapentaenoic acid [DPA], and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), are beneficial for coronary heart disease [8], metabolic syndrome [9] and Alzheimer’s disease [10]. There has been no systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to summarize the available evidence of the effects of n-3 PUFA on major eicosanoids. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFA on AA-derived major eicosanoids (PGE2, TXA2/ TXB2 and LTB4). Marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have a beneficial effect on inflammation via lowering pro-inflammatory eicosanoid concentrations. We aimed to assess the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFA on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) through systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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