Abstract
Objective: Healing of bone fractures is mediated through antioxidants; however, increased free radical levels at the site of fracture inhibit bone healing.Mangosteen peel has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistaminic, antimalarial, and other beneficialproperties as it contains many active substances such as xanthones, anthocyanins, phenols, and tannins. In this study, we aimed to determine theeffects of mangosteen peel extract on bone fracture healing.Methods: We used six mice with left and right femoral fractures (12 femurs). Mangosteen peel extract was applied to the left femurs of the six mice attwo dosages (20 and 40 mg/kg; three femurs each) on days 2, 4, and 6 after fracture; saline was injected into the right femurs of all six mice. On day 7,all the animals were sacrificed, and femur defect diameter was evaluated using dental digital radiography.Results: The femoral defect diameter in mice treated with 40 mg/kg dose of mangosteen peel extract was less than that in mice treated with saline,although the difference was not significant.Conclusion: Application of a 40 mg/kg dose of mangosteen peel extract promotes bone fracture healing.
Highlights
Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) comes from tropical forest areas in Southeast Asia and can be found in Indonesia
The total number of bone fracture cases in Indonesia is more or less 1.3 million cases every year, which is highest among the Southeast Asian countries
The mean defect diameter in the mice 7 days after fracture was 1.17 mm for the femurs with 20 mg/kg dosage of extract, 1.20 mm for the femurs with the 40 mg/kg dosage, and 1.0678 mm for the saline-treated femurs, indicating greater healing with saline. Both analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test results showed that there was no significant difference in the defect diameter among the three treatment groups (p>0.05)
Summary
Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) comes from tropical forest areas in Southeast Asia and can be found in Indonesia. Current research on mangosteen peels has shown that they contain bioactive substances such as xanthones, anthocyanins, phenols, tannins, and other derivatives. Several of these bioactive compounds and their derivatives reportedly have a significant pharmacological activity such as antioxidant, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial [1], and anticancer [1,2] properties. Bone fracture cases are considered a serious problem in Indonesia. The total number of bone fracture cases in Indonesia is more or less 1.3 million cases every year, which is highest among the Southeast Asian countries. A survey showed that the prevalence of lower extremity fractures caused by accidents was around 46.2%; these fractures reportedly led to mortality (25%), physical disability (45%), and depression and psychological distress (15%), and only 10% cases were able to heal [3]
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