Abstract
As electrical devices become smaller, it is essential to maintain operating temperature for safety and durability. Therefore, there are efforts to improve heat transfer performance under various conditions, such as using extended surfaces and nanofluids. Among them, cooling methods using ferrofluid are drawing the attention of many researchers. This fluid can control the movement of the fluid in magnetic fields. In this study, the heat transfer performance of a fin-tube heat exchanger, using ferrofluid as a coolant, was analyzed when external magnetic fields were applied. Permanent magnets were placed outside the heat exchanger. When the magnetic fields were applied, a change in the thermal boundary layer was observed. It also formed vortexes, which affected the formation of flow patterns. The vortex causes energy exchanges in the flow field, activating thermal diffusion and improving heat transfer. A numerical analysis was used to observe the cooling performance of heat exchangers, as the strength and number of the external magnetic fields were varying. VGs (vortex generators) were also installed to create vortex fields. A convective heat transfer coefficient was calculated to determine the heat transfer rate. In addition, the comparative analysis was performed with graphical results using contours of temperature and velocity.
Highlights
To compare the cooling performance according to the strength of the magnetic field, numerical analysis was performed for four cases
The property of ferrofluid, in which flow is generated by magnetic fields, was used
In case B, C, and D, heat transfer and cooling performance were improved by thermal diffusion when the value of magnetization increased
Summary
Heat dissipation is very important because it is directly related to the life and safety of electronic devices. Various studies for managing heat in electronic devices are being conducted [1]. This study aimed to improve the heat transfer performance using ferrofluid. Due to the magnetism of the particles, this fluid has the characteristic of reacting with a magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied, the fluid has kinetic energy and forms a specific shape [3]. There are the advantages that a flow can be created only by a magnetic force without direct contact with the fluid, and that control is possible with a relatively simple configuration. It was confirmed that nanofluids have superior thermal performance compared to general fluid, due to the properties of the particles [4,5]
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