Effect of magnesium stearate on bonding and porosity expansion of tablets produced from materials with different consolidation properties

Abstract

The negative effect of magnesium stearate on tablet strength is widely known. This strength reduction is always considered to be the result of reduction of interparticle bonding. It is also known that interparticle bonding affects relaxation of tablets. Relaxation increases with decreasing bonding. Microcrystalline cellulose is an example of a material with a high lubricant sensitivity, which effect is caused by its plastic deformation behavior during compression. This paper shows for microcrystalline cellulose that the porosity under pressure was equal for unlubricated tablets and for tablets containing 0.5% magnesium stearate. This points to equal densification properties. The lubricated tablets show, however, a much larger relaxation than the tablets without magnesium stearate. This difference can be ascribed to the reduction of interparticle bonding by the lubricant, because a strong interparticle bonding counteracts tablet relaxation. In contrast to microcrystalline cellulose, aggregated γ-sorbitol (Karion Instant) has a low lubricant sensitivity. Both porosity under pressure and tablet relaxation were found to be equal for lubricated and unlubricated sorbitol tablets. This phenomenon is caused by the particle structure of γ-sorbitol. During compression, a lubricant film will be destroyed by fragmentation of the sorbitol aggregates. For this reason, magnesium stearate will hardly affect the interparticle bonding between sorbitol particles and hence have only a small or no effect on tablet relaxation.