Effect of Magnesium as Biomaterial in Biodegrdation

Abstract

Since many years ago, the study of engineering materials—which includes metal alloys, composites, polymers, ceramics, and metallic glasses—has advanced significantly, particularly in the area of biomaterials. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanical qualities, alloys derived on magnesium (Mg) now have a wide array of uses in the biomedical sector. By combining Mg with other elements including nanoparticles, polymers, Zinc, Yttrium and Manganese are included with capability to perform suitable reactions. Addictive manufacturing allows the porosity of the scaffolds to be adjusted, allowing for fine-tuning of the scaffold degradation performance and cell response. Specialized equipment will be required to print magnesium in an inert atmosphere while maintaining safe material handling. As a result, due to inherent characteristics of magnesium mixes, such as a higher vapour pressure and a stronger inclination to oxidize, the additive manufacture of disposable magnesium-based implants presents certain challenges. Inadvertent degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity are caused by the high corrosion rate of Mg-based implants. A number of methods, such as the design of a magnesium alloy and the alteration of the surface properties, are employed to tailor the degradation rate since it is envisaged that biodegradable Mg-based implants will demonstrate regulated degradation and satisfy the needs of specific applications. Biodegradation mechanism along with its controlling aspects and improvement measures with respect to biodegradation are reviewed in this paper.