Abstract
One of the most widely accepted oil spill response strategies is chemical dispersant application. However, since the surfactant used in their formulation may be ionic, its interfacial characteristics may be influenced by ions present in the sea. In this work, we have examined the effect of magnesium salts (MgSO4 and MgCl2) and sodium salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, and sodium benzoate) on the interfacial characteristics of hydroxylated soybean lecithin dispersant (H–PI). The oil-in-water emulsions formed with magnesium salts were more stable than those formed with sodium salts. Magnesium salts recorded the highest interfacial tension reduction and the highest dispersion effectiveness values when compared with sodium salts. These observations were attributed to (i) the Mg2+ ions interconnecting the negatively charged headgroups of H–PI at the oil-droplet–water interface, thus increasing the surface elasticity and viscosity, and (ii) the smaller ionic size of Mg2+ allowing for easy packing between the charged head gro...
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