Abstract
Macrotyloma uniflorum Linn. (Fabaceae) seeds are widely used for their diuretic and urolithiatic effects in India. The present study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds (AEMU) on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. To induce urolithiasis, 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol was administered orally for 14 days. The curative doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg were administered from 15th to 28th day. On the 28th day, 24 h urine, serum was collected and various biochemical parameters were estimated in urine, serum and kidney homogenate along with histology of kidney. Co-administration of AEMU with ethylene glycol has significantly (p < 0.001) increased the urine volume and the level of calculus inhibitors like magnesium, citrate and decreased the level of calculus promoters like calcium, oxalate, uric acid and urea also decreased in crystalluria in urine. AEMU supplement also prevented the pathological changes in the kidney and increased the glomerulus activity of the kidney. These results indicate that AEMU showed significant activity in urolithiasis which might be due to its diuretic, calcium oxalate crystal formation inhibitory effects and its ability to increase the levels of inhibitors and decrease the level of promoters of urolithiasis.
Highlights
Urolithiasis commonly known as kidney stone or renal stone and has caused a major impact on public health in the last two decades
In majority cases renal stones are removed by surgical treatment like ESWL, ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, but stone recurrence rate was observed in about 50% cases after removal of stone by surgical treatment [5]
On 28th day in disease group urine volume was decreased as compared the 14th day urine volume, while aqueous extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds (AEMU) (400 and 800 mg/kg) and cystone (750 mg/kg) treated group showed significant (p < 0.001) increase in urinary output as compared to disease control group on 28th day
Summary
Urolithiasis commonly known as kidney stone or renal stone and has caused a major impact on public health in the last two decades. Various endogenous and exogenous factors and multivariate pathogenesis are involved in renal stone formation. Some endogenous factors like improper metabolism of calcium, oxalic acid, phosphorus and uric acid. Supersaturation of urine with components like calcium, oxalate, phosphate which initiate renal stone formation which is followed by nucleation, crystal growth and crystal aggregation process. Probiotics, citrate, chelating agents are given but they have their own pharmacological limitations, side effects on long use and not removing stone. Surgical treatment causes side effects such as hypertension, tubular necrosis, hemorrhage and fibrosis of the kidney [6]. Herbal plants have a complex spectrum of action, like antioxidant, diuretic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, V.B. Patel, N. Antispasmodic properties, litholytic and anti-calcifying activities without any side effects [7]
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