Abstract
Calcium carbonate is wildly used in cementitious composites at different scales and can affect the properties of cementitious composites through physical effects (such as the filler effect, dilution effect and nucleation effect) and chemical effects. The effects of macro (>1 mm)-, micro (1 μm–1 mm)- and nano (<1 μm)-sizes of calcium carbonate on the hydration process, workability, mechanical properties and durability are reviewed. Macro-calcium carbonate mainly acts as an inert filler and can be involved in building the skeletons of hardened cementitious composites to provide part of the strength. Micro-calcium carbonate not only fills the voids between cement grains, but also accelerates the hydration process and affects the workability, mechanical properties and durability through the dilution, nucleation and even chemical effects. Nano-calcium carbonate also has both physical and chemical effects on the properties of cementitious composites, and these effects behave even more effectively than those of micro-calcium carbonate. However, agglomeration of nano-calcium carbonate reduces its enhancement effects remarkably.
Highlights
Concrete is a kind of multi-component and multi-scale composite
Because many studies have been conducted on the effects of calcium carbonate on properties of cementitious composites from fresh mixtures to hardened products, this review focuses on particle size of calcium carbonate and the influence of macro, micro- and nano-calcium carbonate on the hydration process, mechanical properties, workability and durability of cementitious composites
90d because the surface structure of aragonite calcium carbonate is less favorable for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) [78], which means aragonite nano-calcium carbonate (AC) is less effective to accelerate the hydration process compared with the nano-calcium carbonate (NC)
Summary
Concrete is a kind of multi-component and multi-scale composite. Because of its relatively low price, diverse sources and good durability, concrete is widely used in many kinds of buildings and structures. Limestone can be formed various minerals such common as calcite,and aragonite, vaterite and amorphous calcium carbonate [2]. It has been confirmed that incorporation of calcium carbonate will not be isdetrimental formed of calcite [23] It has been confirmed of calcium willstrength, not be to mechanical properties and eventhat has incorporation a positive synergic effect carbonate on early-age detrimental to mechanical properties and even has a positive synergic effect on early-age strength, the hydration process, durability and microstructure of cementitious composites [2,22,24,25,26]. Because many studies have been conducted on the effects of calcium carbonate on properties of cementitious composites from fresh mixtures to hardened products, this review focuses on particle size of calcium carbonate and the influence of macro-, micro- and nano-calcium carbonate on the hydration process, mechanical properties, workability and durability of cementitious composites. Through the summaries of previous references, some constructive suggestions and expectations are proposed as well
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