Abstract
Alternating current (electric field) poling (ACP) was applied on [001]-oriented 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-0.3PT) single crystal samples with dimensions of 5 × 1.25 × 1.25 mm3 (with electrodes on the 1.25 × 1.25 mm2 surfaces), and the influence of ACP frequency (fACP) was studied. Compared to those from traditional direct (electric field) poling samples, the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and free dielectric constant (εT33/ε0) of ACP samples could gain up to a 67% increase to 3200 pC/N and 10 500, respectively. The influence of fACP was studied on two main aspects: saturated properties and dynamic saturation process. In general, ACP samples with lower fACP had higher saturated d33, εT33/ε0, and coupling factor k33, as well as lower dielectric loss and faster saturation speed. The ACP dynamics during the saturation process were studied by measuring the polarization-vs-electric field hysteresis loops (P-E loops). The P-E loops illustrated that the coercive field of ACP samples could be further tuned from 1.84 kV/cm to 3.03 kV/cm by changing fACP (0.1–10 Hz). This work demonstrated the enormous potential of ACP optimization in relaxor-PT single crystal-based low-frequency transducer applications.
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