Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find "Effect of lower extremity stretching exercises on balance in the geriatric population. 60 subjects (30 male and 30 female) participated in the study. The subjects underwent 10 weeks of lower limb stretching exercise program. Pre and post 10 weeks stretching exercise program, the subjects were assessed for balance, using single limb stance time in seconds and berg balance score. These outcome measures were analyzed. Pre and post lower extremity stretching on balance was analyzed using paired t test. Of 60 subjects 50 subjects completed the stretching exercise program. Paired sample t test analysis showed a significant improvement in single limb stance time (eyes open and eyes closed) (p<0.001) and berg balance score (p<0.001). Lower extremity stretching exercises enhances balance in the geriatric population and thereby reduction in the number of falls.
Highlights
The step strategy is performed by taking a step in the direction of the perturbation, the base of support is realigned under the centre of mass (COM)
Examination of flexibility activities for older adults is common and it has been stated that as an effect in decreased joint range of motion which is associated with aging. [6, 7] While systematic reviews have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to show a beneficial effect of stretching on injury risk and movement performance. [8,9,10] It is well established that chronic stretching can effectively increase joint range of motion (ROM). [11,12,13] The increased joint motion after stretch training has been attributed to mechanical and neural factors as well as tolerance to stretch. [13,14]
This study demonstrated that the effects of lower limb muscle stretching significantly improved single limb stance time and balance which was evaluated using berg balance score
Summary
Falls are among the leading causes of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the elderly. [1] A lot of revenue is spent annually for the care of the elderly with fall-related Injuries. [2] Falls increase with age. [2] In 2001, adults older than 85 years were 4 to 5 times more likely to suffer a fall-related injury than adults aged between 65 and 74 years. [1,2,3] The prevention of falls and the substantial morbidity associated with fall-related injuries will become increasingly important for preserving the health and independence of the older population. [4] Fall risk has been shown to increase with reduced lower extremity flexibility. [4]Balance is the ability to maintain the body’s centre of mass (COM) within the limits of the base of support. [5] Depending on the motor task people use 3 different strategies to maintain their upright posture. [5] Depending on the motor task people use 3 different strategies to maintain their upright posture These are known as ankle, hip, and step strategies. The step strategy is performed by taking a step in the direction of the perturbation, the base of support is realigned under the COM This allows maintenance of the COM within the base of support preventing external forces to disturb balance and maintain upright posture. Examination of flexibility activities for older adults is common and it has been stated that as an effect in decreased joint range of motion which is associated with aging. Stretching is commonly utilized to stretch the muscle and increase the ROM around the joint and theorized to improve balance performance. Prior research has shown that there is a correlation between short hip and ankle muscles and increased falls in the elderly. [15,16]
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