Effect of Low Protein Diet on Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Low protein diet plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, exact role is unclear so far. We aimed to find out the effect of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout the research project until 10th Apr 2023. MeSH phrases and Boolean operators were used to search PubMed for suitable studies. The entire estimate was expressed as a 95% confidence interval around the mean difference. The model was picked because of the discrepancies found in the research. Choi's Q test and I2 statistics were used to determine the degree of variation between experiments. The funnel plot was used to qualitatively examine the publishing bias. Results: Low-protein diets have a greater impact on waist circumference [-8.82 (-9.51, -8.13), P<0000.1] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [-0.05 (-0.07, -0.03), P<0000.1] alteration than non-LPD diets, as measured by the standard mean difference (SMD). Further, significant changes were observed in weight loss [1.51 (1.25, 1.77), P<0.00001], BMI, [0.46 (0.25, 0.67), P<0.0001], change systolic [2.48 (1.20, 3.77), P=0.0002] and diastolic blood pressure [1.49 (0.72, 2.26), P=0.0002], low density lipoprotein [0.09 (0.06, 0.12), P<0.00001], triglyceride [0.52 (0.49, 0.55), P<0.00001], in non-LPD group as compared to LPD group. Conclusion: The results indicated the role of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease.