Abstract
Emerging evidence substantiates the potential of porous titanium alloy (pTi) as an ideal bone-graft substitute because of its excellent biocompatibility and structural properties. However, it remains a major clinical concern for promoting high-efficiency and high-quality osseointegration of pTi, which is beneficial for securing long-term implant stability. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the capacity of low-amplitude whole-body vibration (WBV) in preventing osteopenia, whereas the effects and mechanisms of WBV on osteogenesis and osseointegration of pTi remain unclear. Our present study shows that WBV enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation, and induced well-organized cytoskeleton of primary osteoblasts in pTi. WBV upregulated osteogenesis-associated gene and protein expression in primary osteoblasts, including OCN, Runx2, Wnt3a, Lrp6 and β-catenin. In vivo findings demonstrate that 6-week and 12-week WBV stimulated osseointegration, bone ingrowth and bone formation rate of pTi in rabbit femoral bone defects via μCT, histological and histomorphometric analyses. WBV induced higher ALP, OCN, Runx2, BMP2, Wnt3a, Lrp6 and β-catenin, and lower Sost and RANKL/OPG gene expression in rabbit femora. Our findings demonstrate that WBV promotes osteogenesis and osseointegration of pTi via its anabolic effect and potential anti-catabolic activity, and imply the promising potential of WBV for enhancing the repair efficiency and quality of pTi in osseous defects.
Highlights
Than chemical bonding[4,7,8]
Images by SEM scanning showed that primary osteoblasts were attached to the substrate of titanium alloy more tightly and proliferated with many more pseudopodia in pTi under the stimulation of mechanical vibration (Fig. 2B)
Our in vitro findings show that mechanical vibration significantly promoted osteoblastic activities and enhanced osteogenesis in pTi
Summary
Than chemical bonding[4,7,8]. Inadequate osseointegration of titanium alloys remains to be a major clinical limitation, which fails to assure the early fixation and secure long-term stability of implants, especially for osteoporotic patients[9,10]. Developing novel techniques to speed up osseointegration of titanium implants holds great clinical significance for increasing the repair efficiency and quality of bone defects. Studies have shown the efficiency of the WBV treatment in the promotion of fracture healing of animal long bones[21,22]. Critical questions regarding whether the WBV treatment is able to promote bone ingrowth and accelerate osseointegration of porous metallic implants in animals with bone defect remain unanswered yet. We systematically investigated the potential effects of WBV stimulation on the biological performance of pTi both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular signaling pathway mechanisms of WBV stimulation on in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis in pTi implants were investigated
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