Effect of losartan on nocturnal blood pressure in patients with stroke: comparison with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

Abstract

Background Treatment of nocturnal hypertension has been reported to be beneficial for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. We compared the effects of angiotensin II antagonist (losartan) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (quinapril) on nocturnal blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nervous activity in patients with hypertension and stroke. Methods According to a prospective, randomized, cross-over design, 30 hypertensive patients with a previous history of stroke (25 hemorrhage, 5 infarction) were assigned randomly to receive losartan (50 mg) or quinapril (10 mg) once daily for 4 weeks. The patients were switched to the alternative regimen for an additional 4-week period. In the last week of each treatment, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed every 30 min, and 24-h urine was collected for the measurement of catecholamine. Results Neither systolic nor diastolic BP during daytime differed between losartan and quinapril treatments, but those during nighttime were lower with losartan treatment than with quinapril treatment. The nocturnal decreases in systolic and diastolic BP were both greater with losartan treatment than with quinapril treatment (systolic BP: 6.1% ± 5.9% v 2.5% ± 6.9%, diastolic BP: 6.4% ± 6.5% v 3.3% ± 7.8%, both P < .05). The nocturnal decrease in urinary norepinephrine excretion was greater with losartan treatment than with quinapril treatment (52.8% ± 9.7% v 42.8% ± 17.2%, P < .05). Conclusions Losartan enhances the nocturnal decrease in ambulatory BP compared with that of quinapril in patients with a previous history of stroke presumably by way of the suppression of nocturnal sympathetic nervous activity.