Effect of Loranthus longiflorus ethanolic Extract on Neuronal Damage Induced by Electromagnetic Radiation in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: The effect of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on brain is of serious concern as it causes adverse effects on memory and learning besides causing stress. Earlier studies indicated that EMR exposure could lead to recognized pathologic consequences including increased permeability of blood brain barrier, distressed neuronal function and increased activity of the alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands in electroencephalograph. Oxidant-antioxidant and neurotransmitter imbalances were also noted in previous studies. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of Loranthus longiflorus extract (LLE) on EMR-induced rat brain has been investigated. Methods: Four groups of rats (n=6) were considered for the study. Group 1 consisted of normal animals that received only feed and water while group 2 rats received only exposure to EMR for 28 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 were treated respectively with LLE (500 mg/kg bw) and standard drug melatonin (10 mg/kg bw) daily for 28 days together with EMR exposure for the same period. After 10, 20 and 28 days, Y- maze test was carried out to investigate the cognitive functions in experimental animals. Result: It was observed that chronic exposure to EMR decreased cognitive characteristics in rats as revealed by significant changes in their behaviour as well as neurotransmitters such as GABA, ACh and dopamine. Treatment with LLE and melatonin reversed these changes to near normal values weindicating the efficacy of the plant extract in combating the neuronal changes in animals. A normal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in LLE treated animals as compared to melatonin group was also recorded that further confirmed reversal of brain activity.