Abstract
The prolonged application of fertilizers, often conducted through long-term fertilization trials, offers a robust framework for assessing the effects of continued fertilizer use on agricultural output, soil fertility, and the broader ecological landscape . Despite a wealth of research on soil nutrient cycling and crop yields, there is a relative paucity of studies that address the changes in soil heavy metal concentrations from an environmental conservation perspective. This review aims to outline the implications and risks associated with heavy metals in soil and compile existing findings on how long-term fertilization affects soil heavy metal concentrations.
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