Effect of lon 10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i5ao.12791 g term zero tillage on soil organic carbon and its fractions: A review

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Soil tillage disruption is a major cause of loss of organic matter and a decline in the number and stability of soil aggregates as natural habitats are transformed into agriculture. Compared to conventional tillage, zero tillage cropping systems typically demonstrate increased aggregation and soil organic matter. To feed the rising population on a sustainable basis without degrading natural resources, there is a need to increase farm productivity and total food production. Although the country's green revolution technologies implemented during 1966-67 led to food protection, intensive agriculture, insufficient and imbalanced use of fertilizers, high yielding crop varieties, the use of heavy machinery, excess tillage, etc., resulted in degradation of soil health and quality for more than five decades and increased pollution of air, soil and water. There is a great lack of a systematic approach to relating tillage practices to chemical soil properties. The most significant pillar of conservation farming is zero tillage. The need for an hour is conservation farming. It is a win-win operation for farmers as well as for the environment. The goal of Tillage was to establish a soil environment conducive to plant growth, but to have negative effects on soil resources, structure and eventually on the environment in the long run. Zero tillage has the ability to enhance the chemical properties and environment of the soil in the long run. Keeping all of these under consideration, this analysis is compiled to create a perfect tillage scheme, i.e. zero tillage, which eliminates the adverse effects of tillage and retains soil resources and eventually contributes to sustainable agriculture. The magnitude of changes in soil organic matter in response to zero tillage, however, differs between soils and the stabilisation mechanisms of organic matter in zero tillage systems.