Effect of Localized Nitrogen Availability to Soybean Half-Root Systems on Photosynthate Partitioning to Roots and Nodules

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Davis) was grown in a split-root growth system designed to maintain control of the root atmosphere. Two experiments were conducted to examine how 80% Ar:20% O(2) (Ar:O(2)) and air (Air) atmospheres affected N assimilation (NH(4)NO(3) and N(2) fixation) and the partitioning of photosynthate to roots and nodules. Application of NH(4)NO(3) to nonnodulated half-root systems enhanced root growth and root respiration at the site of application. A second experiment applied Ar:O(2) or air to the two sides of nodulated soybean half-root systems for 11 days in the following combinations: (a) Air to both sides (Air/Air); (b) Air to one side, Ar:O(2) to the other (Air/Ar:O(2)), and (c) Ar:O(2) to both sides (Ar:O(2)/Ar:O(2)). Results indicated that dry matter and current photosynthate ((14)C) were selectively partitioned to nodules and roots where N(2) was available. Both root and nodule growth on the Air side of Air/Ar:O(2) plants was significantly greater than the Ar:O(2) side. The relative partitioning of carbon and current photosynthate between roots and nodules on a half-root system was also affected by N(2) availability. The Ar:O(2) sides partitioned relatively more current photosynthate to roots (57%) than nodules (43%), while N(2)-fixing root systems partitioned 36 and 64% of the carbon to roots and nodules, respectively. The Ar:O(2) atmosphere decreased root and nodule respiration by 80% and nitrogenase activity by 85% compared to half-root systems in Air while specific nitrogenase activity of nodules in Ar:O(2) was 50% of nodules supplied Air. Results indicated that nitrogen assimilation, whether from N(2) fixation or inorganic sources, had a localized effect on root development. Nodule development accounted for the major decrease in total photosynthate partitioning to non-N(2)-fixing nodules. Soybean compensates for ineffective nodulation by controlling the flux of carbon to ineffective nodules and their associated roots.