Effect of local tree seeds in the control of root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) chitwood and growth promotion of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Zainab M Ahmed,Muhammad J Zaki,Marium Tariq,Shahnaz Dawar

doi:10.5586/aa.2010.022

Abstract

Seeds of local trees, such Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Adenanthera pavonina L., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and Eucalyptus spp., were used as aqueous extract at 25, 50 and 100 % concentration to control the activity of Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Citwood. All seed extracts showed lethal effect on M. javanica eggs, and a gradual decrease in egg hatching and an increase in mortality of second-stage juveniles were observed with the increase in extract concentration. L. leucocephala was found to be most effective in reducing egg hatching, whereas 100 % mortality of juveniles was observed in the case of A. indica seed extract. Number of knots was significantly reduced at 100 % concentration when seeds of chick pea and mung bean were treated and soil was drenched with A. pavonina and Eucalyptus spp. seed extract.

Highlights

The allelochemicals released from various plant parts eventually penetrate the soil and hinder the normal growth of the neighbouring plants but may affect development and reproduction of many plant parasitic nematodes (D ’ Addabbo, 1995)
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aqueous extract of local tree seeds infecting mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.)
A. pavonina, L. leucocephala and Eucalyptus spp., inhibited M. javanica eggs hatching with the increase in exposure time

Summary

Introduction

The allelochemicals released from various plant parts eventually penetrate the soil and hinder the normal growth of the neighbouring plants but may affect development and reproduction of many plant parasitic nematodes (D ’ Addabbo , 1995). Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are capable of reproducing on over 2,000 species of plants (Sasser and Freckman , 1987) and are responsible for approximately 50% of overall nematode damage. It is quite obvious that mature seeds of neem synthesize more metabolic substances like azadirachtin and other closely related metabolites – vepaol, isovepaol and nimibidin – which have been stated to be antifeedant and growth inhibitor of insects by Sankaram et al (1986). Such synthesized metabolites in mature seeds of neem accumulate in more concentrated form and are likely to be more lethal to the plant pathogen, including nematodes, allowing better plant growth. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aqueous extract of local tree seeds infecting mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.)

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Conclusion