Effect of Local Anesthetic Management With Conscious Sedation in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Abstract

The present study sought to assess the effectiveness of local anesthesia with conscious sedation (LACS) during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). On its introduction, TAVI was mostly performed with the patient under general anesthesia (GA); however, evidence supporting the use of less-invasive LACS has been increasing. The data from 174 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI by way of the femoral artery from December 2007 to December 2011 were analyzed. GA was mainly used in early phase of the study (n = 44); this was gradually shifted to LACS in the late phase (n = 130). The clinical outcomes were compared for those patients who received GA versus LACS. The incidence and causes of "LACS failure," defined as conversion to GA from LACS during TAVI, were also assessed. The rates of procedural success and 30-day mortality were not different between the 2 groups (93.3% vs 95.3%, p = 0.60; 6.7% vs 7.8%, p = 0.55, respectively). Although the clinical backgrounds of the patients showed differences, these results were not significant after adjusting for other influential confounders. The intensive care unit stay and hospital stay were longer in the GA group than in the LACS group (3.9 ± 2.2 vs 3.3 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.044; and 12.2 ± 8.3 vs 8.1 ± 6.5 days, p = 0.001, respectively). LACS failure occurred in 6 patients (4.6%), and the causes were multifactorial, as follows: cardiac tamponade in 2, cardiac arrest in 2, myocardial infarction in 1, and stroke in 1. In conclusion, transfemoral TAVI with the patient under LACS could be successfully performed in most patients, with the advantage of early recovery, although the perioperative risks involved in the TAVI procedure should be considered.