Effect of LMP-1 and mutant p53 on the Prognosis of Undifferentiated Type of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Atikah Atikah,Udadi Sadhana,Ika Pawitra Miranti,Dik Puspasari,Vega Karlowee

doi:10.18196/mmjkk.v22i1.13035

Atikah Atikah, Udadi Sadhana + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v22i1.13035

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Abstract

Undifferentiated carcinoma is a subtype of NPC with a higher EBV antibody titer than healthy people. The carcinogenic effect of EBV involves LMP-1 associated with poor prognosis, and mutant p53 predicts tumor recurrence. This study aims to assess the effect of LMP-1 and mutant p53 on the prognosis of NPC patients. 40 paraffin blocks were stained with LMP-1 and p53 mutant. LMP-1 was positive when the cytoplasm and tumor cell membranes were brown, and mutant p53 was positive for the brown tumor cell nucleus. Pearson correlation test was performed. Most respondents were in the age group 40 years, males, regional lymph node involvement (N) in group N1, and no metastasis (M). The expression levels of LMP-1 and mutant p53 were strongly positive. The study showed the correlation between LMP-1 with age (p 0.327), gender (p 0.599), category N (p 0.512), category M (p 0.019) and the correlation between mutant p53 with age (p 0.329), gender (p 0.981), category N (p 0.013), category M (p 0.705). LMP-1 expression with mutant p53 (p 0.760). It can be concluded that LMP-1 and mutant p53 could be used as prognostic factors in NPC patients.

Highlights

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the 5th leading cause of death in Indonesia and 8th in the world
The findings in this study indicated that LMP1 increased the transcription and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 through NF-kB and AP-1, which was one of the mechanisms of LMP1 in mediating the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells
The expression levels of latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 and mutant p53 were positive in NPC, especially in non-keratinizing carcinoma, undifferentiated type

Summary

Introduction

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the 5th leading cause of death in Indonesia and 8th in the world. In 2020, there were 19,943 new cases (5.0%) in Indonesia, with a death rate of 13,399 cases (5.7%). The incidence and death rates caused by NPC are not categorized as large, but NPC remains a concern because men with 10.7/100,000 cases dominate it compared to women with 3.00/100,000 cases. NPC is divided into three subtypes, namely, NKSCC/NK-KNF (undifferentiated subtype and differentiated subtype), KSCC (undifferentiated and differentiated), and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC). The second subtype is divided into differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas.[2,3] NPC's risk factors include adult males, 30-50 years old, family history of NPC, consumption of preserved foods, salted fish, smoking, and EBV infection.[4] Undifferentiated carcinoma is the most common histological subtype of NPC found in Southeast Asia and Indonesia. NPC patients from various countries ranged from 4 to 91 years, with a peak incidence at 50 to 60 years in the Chinese population.[5]

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