Abstract
Soft soil layer can significantly increase destruction during ground motions. Although, earthquake waves pass through mainly rocky media to reach ground surface, they often transit through a thin layer of surficial soil which can dramatically affect ground surface motions. This study thoroughly investigates the effect of liquefaction on the seismic response of soft soil layers using the finite difference method in specific areas of Babol City, north of Iran. Nonlinear effective stress analysis was carried out using FLAC 2 D, a finite difference based software. Liquefaction potential was evaluated based on both pore pressure ratio (R u) and shear strain amplitude criteria. The logical agreement of these two criteria was observed. Based on the results, near the river of this city, strong site effect observed due to the presence of soft soil layers and liquefaction, effectively altered the amplitude and frequency content of ground motions. Seismic analyses proved that spectral acceleration responses were attenuated for low periods due to the shear strain development and energy dissipation of motion but they increased for longer periods, which could strongly affect the seismic design of structures.
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