Abstract
The influence of light quality on the regeneration (i.e., formation, proliferation, growth, development, and rooting) and naphthoquinones’ accumulation of Arnebia euchroma was investigated in vitro. The cotyledons of sterile seedings were placed on modified LS medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/L thidiazuron to obtain callus, which was incubated on the corresponding medium at different culture stages under varying light conditions, including dark, fluorescent lamp (Fl), white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), blue LEDs, red LEDs, and a combination of 25% red, 25% blue, and 50% white LEDs [RBW (1:1:2)]. During the establishment of the A. euchroma regeneration system, we obtained the maximum fresh weight, dry weight, germination rate, shoot number, and proliferation rate under RBW (1:1:2) LEDs in the formation and multiplication phases; the growth index, shoot height, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigment concentration were promoted under red LEDs in the growth and development phase; and the maximum rooting rate (89.29% ± 2.06%) was observed under red LEDs in the rooting phase. To study the effect of light quality on naphthoquinones’ accumulation of A. euchroma, we used the euphylla to achieve adventitious roots, and the highest shikonin (121.77 ± 6.68 μg/g DW) and β′β-dimethylacrylalkannin (619.18 ± 15.71 μg/g DW) contents were detected in the dark culture. The lowest naphthoquinone contents were recorded under Fl in the adventitious roots. Overall, RBW (1:1:2) LEDs enhanced A. enchroma formation and proliferation, while red LEDs promoted the plant’s growth, development, and rooting. The dark condition was beneficial to naphthoquinones’ accumulation, whereas the light condition inhibited the naphthoquinones production of A. enchroma adventitious roots. Determining the suitable light quality for the regeneration and accumulation of naphthoquinones that is conducive to the protection and promotes resource utilization is essential.
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