Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a costly, lifestyle-related disorder, its management is very critical and challenging hence lifestyle intervention may a cornerstone in the reversal and management of T2DM. This study designed to assess the impact of lifestyle intervention holistic (LIH) Model on blood glucose levels (BGL), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and medical treatment cost in T2DM patients. This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted among 224 T2DM patients in Delhi Diabetes Research Center (DDRC), New Delhi. The study participants were allocated into two groups-Lifestyle Intervention Counseling (LIC) group received lifestyle-based counseling through the LIH model while the Usual-care group received only standard treatment. Study outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month and data were analyzed through SPSS. Study results revealed that LIC participants had decreased in fasting blood glucose 0.26 mg dL-1 (-4.37 to 4.89), blood glucose postprandial -70.16 mg dL-1 (-85.15 to - 55.16), HbA1C -2.82% (-5.26 to - 0.37), medicine cost (p < 0.004), hospitalization cost (p < 0.011), and cost of surgery (p < 0.0005). A significant improvement also observed in HRQOL and adherence towards a holistic model in LIC group. The study concludes that lifestyle-based counseling and its adherence was cost-effective and significantly improves BGL, HRQoL, and medical treatment in T2DM patients.
Highlights
IntroductionThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly at an alarming rate and documented as an epidemic disease of the 21st century, affecting millions of people around the world
After completion of baseline investigations, a comprehensive Lifestyle intervention Counseling (LIC) was given to only lifestyle intervention counseling (LIC) group patients with the help of the Lifestyle Intervention Holistic (LIH) Model which we have developed during the study
10 patients from LIC group and 12 patients from the usual care (UC) group were excluded because they were not completed one year follow up because of some patients have no interest to follow lifestyle intervention holistic (LIH) model, some migrate to different places, some patients have no trust in intervention therapy, and some having time commitment difficulty
Summary
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly at an alarming rate and documented as an epidemic disease of the 21st century, affecting millions of people around the world. According to the report of the International Diabetes Federation [IDF] (2017), the global prevalence of diabetes is estimated to increase, about 451 million people suffering from diabetes around the world and this number will be estimated to increase to 693 million by 2045. Due to increasing prevalence and, the higher population, India has become the ‘Diabetic Capital’ of the world and has the second-highest number of diabetes patients after China. According to IDF (2017) report, around 72.946.400 people live with diabetes in India and the Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in adults is 8.8% (IDF, 2017; Tripathy et al, 2017). 65% of diabetic deaths occur due to cardiovascular disease (Lloyd-Jones et al, 2009)
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