Effect of lifestyle change on the management of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver in adolescents: a systematic review / Efeito da mudança no estilo de vida no tratamento da síndrome metabólica e do fígado gorduroso não alcoólico em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of interventions related to lifestyle change in the management of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents. Methods: Systematic review covering randomized clinical trials in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and/or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with a minimum intervention period of three months. We included the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included studies published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, German, and Swedish. Results and conclusion: A total of 1.676 articles were found and, after adequate evaluation, five articles considered relevant to the objective of this systematic review. Dietary interventions have been shown to be effective in weight reduction, BMI, lipid profile, and intrahepatic fat. In the form of aerobic training associated with resistance training, interventions in physical activity were effective in reducing the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The high and low-intensity training resulted in the improvement of biomarkers related to the disease. In patients with risk factors for metabolic syndrome, dietary, psychological, and physical activity intervention reduced fat mass, lipid profile, and C-reactive protein. It is important to highlight the multidisciplinary role of interventions, demonstrating the importance of integrated care to adolescent health.