Abstract
Background & Objectives: Stress response to extensive surgeries in cancer patients results in an imbalance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, besides activating an inflammatory cascade. We investigated the comparative effects of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine on proinflammatory cytokines and the stress reaction.
 Methodology: A prospective randomized double blind trial was performed in National Cancer Institute. 54 patients scheduled for pelvi–abdominal cancer surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to three equal groups. Lidocaine group: patients received 1.5 mg/kg loading dose of lidocaine followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion; Dexmedetomidine group: received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg followed by infusion of 0.5 µg/kg/h; or Saline group: received 50 ml of normal saline followed by infusion at a rate of 10 ml/h till the end of the surgery. The primary outcome was a postoperative target level of IL–6 after 24 h.
 Results: Immediate and 24 h postoperative IL–6 and TNFα were significantly lower in both dexmedetomidine and lidocaine groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine group had a significantly lower IL–6 and TNFα levels compared to lidocaine group at immediate postoperative and 24 h postoperative period (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine and lidocaine groups had a significantly lower lactate and insulin levels compared to the control group immediately postoperatively as well as 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.001). The dexmedetomidine group had a significantly lower lactate levels compared to the lidocaine group immediately postoperatively only. The lidocaine group had lower insulin level than the control group regarding immediate postoperative period only.
 Conclusion: Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine or lidocaine, both attenuate the postoperative levels of proinflammatory cytokines and stress response in patients undergoing pelvi–abdominal cancer surgeries.
 Clinical trial registration: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 04148599).
 Key words: Lidocaine; Dexmedetomidine; Interleukins; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Stress response; Pelvi–abdominal cancer; Surgery
 Abbreviations: TNF - Tumor necrosis factor; IL – Interleukins;
 Citation: Hassan MM, Saleh RG, Abdalla NO, Radwan NH, Abdelghfar EM. Effect of lidocaine infusion compared to dexmedetomidine infusion on proinflammatory cytokines and stress response in pelvi–abdominal cancer surgeries: a randomized clinical trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26 (1):44-52.
 DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1.1765
 Received: February 15, 2021, Reviewed: December 02, 2021, Accepted: December 05, 2021
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