Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a crucial candidate gene that impacts on implantation process. In this study, the effects of the porcine LIF polymorphism on litter size traits were elucidated in Thai commercial pig populations. Genotyping of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the porcine LIF gene was detected in coding and 3ˊ-untranslated regions. The porcine LIF c.*24C>T was segregating in Large White, Landrace, and Large White × Landrace (LW × LR) crossbred sows. No polymorphisms at two non-synonymous SNPs loci (LIF c.28C>A and LIF c.161A>G) were found in this study. The porcine LIF c.*24C>T was significantly associated with the total number born (TNB), the number born alive (NBA), and the number of piglets weaned alive (NWA) traits in Large White and Landrace sows. Moreover, the porcine LIF c.*24C>T was associated with the NBA and NWA traits in LW × LR crossbred sows. The favorable LIF c.*24C allele was positively correlated with the litter size traits. These findings indicated that the polymorphism of the porcine LIF gene was associated with litter size traits and confirms the significance of porcine LIF as a candidate gene for litter size traits in pig breeding. Thus, the porcine LIF gene could be used for improving prolific traits in these Thai commercial pig populations.
Highlights
Litter size is the main determinant influencing the productivity and economics of pig production (Buske et al, 2006; Nielsen et al, 2013)
The porcine Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) c.28C>A, c.161A>G, and c.*24C>T loci were genotyped in Thai commercial pig breeds
We assumed that there was an excess of the observed heterozygous genotype of this porcine LIF c.*24C>T loci due to the outcrossing of Large White (LW) and LR pig breeds and these could have caused this pig population to be found deviating from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE)
Summary
Litter size is the main determinant influencing the productivity and economics of pig production (Buske et al, 2006; Nielsen et al, 2013). Embryonic mortality during the implantation period is a critical factor in determining litter size in pigs (Spötter and Distl, 2006; Lin et al, 2009; Chen et al, 2015). The expression of LIF gene in the uterine endometrium during implantation was up-regulated and reached its highest levels in the porcine endometrial surface epithelial cells on day 24 of pregnancy (Chen et al, 2015). The expression profiling of the LIF gene in the endometrium of humans and pigs was regulated in a stage-specific manner during pregnancy (Chen et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2015; Devjak et al, 2016; Yoo et al, 2019)
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