Abstract
Conclusions Based on the convection of thin vortex sheets, it has been shown that aircraft vortices can temporarily intensify in the presence of crosswind shear. An aircraft following another one may, thus, be subjected to a stronger vortex than that expected in the wake of the leading aircraft in a quiescent atmosphere. Although wake turbulence measurements may soon become a part of the aircraft airworthiness process, it is believed that still greater safety of air travel is achievable by minimizing the vortex intensi cation in wind shear and by avoidingwake vortex encounters as much as possible. This may involve guiding the aircraft to turn into crosswind only when suf ciently distant from the airports and equipping them, individually,with wind shear detectors, wake vortex sensors, and other suitable warning devices. References 1Simpson, R. W., and Ausrotas, R., “A Critical Review of the FAA Safety Rulemaking on Wake Turbulence,” Air Transport Association of America, Sept. 1997. 2Spalart, P. R., “Airplane Trailing Vortices,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 30, 1998, pp. 107–138. 3Sarpkaya, T., “Decay ofWake Vortices of LargeAircraft,”AIAA Journal, Vol. 36, No. 9, 1998, pp. 1671–1679. 4Chorin, A. J., Vorticity and Turbulence, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994, pp. 84–89. 5Mokry, M., “Numerical Simulation of Aircraft Trailing Vortices Interacting with Ambient Shear or Ground,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 4, 2001, pp. 636–643. 6Schecter, D. A., and Dubin, D. H. E., “Theory and Simulations of TwoDimensional Vortex Motion Driven by a Background Vorticity Gradient,” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2001, pp. 1704–1723. 7Proctor, F. H., “The NASA-Langley Wake Vortex Modelling Effort in Support of an Operational Aircraft Spacing,” AIAA Paper 98-0589, Jan. 1998. 8Zheng, Z. C., and Baek, K., “Inviscid Interactions Between Wake Vortices and Shear Layers,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 36, No. 2, 1999, pp. 477– 480. 9Mokry, M., “Hazard of Wake Vortex Encounters in Crosswind Shear,” AIAA Paper 2003-0378, Jan. 2003.
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