Abstract
17-4PH stainless steel specimens were fabricated by fused deposition of metals (FDMet) technology, which combines 17-4PH particles with an organic binder. FDMet promises a low-cost additive manufacturing process. The present research aims to clarify the influence of layer directions in the 3D printing process on the mechanical and shrinkage properties of as-sintered and as-aged specimens. All specimens (the as-sintered and as-aged specimens printed in three layer directions) exhibited high relative density (97.5–98%). The highest ultimate strengths (880 and 1140 MPa in the as-sintered and as-aged specimens, respectively) were obtained when the layer direction was perpendicular to the tensile direction. Conversely, the specimens printed with their layer direction parallel to the tensile direction presented a low ultimate strength and low strain at breakage. The fact that the specimens with their layer direction parallel to the tensile direction presented a low ultimate strength and low strain at breakage is a usual behavior of parts obtained by means of FDM. The SEM images revealed oriented binder domains in the printed parts and oriented voids in the sintered parts. It was assumed that large binder domains in the filament were oriented perpendicular to the layer directions during the fused deposition modeling printing, and remained as oriented voids after sintering. Stress concentration in the oriented void defects was likely responsible for the poor tensile properties of these specimens.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM) can produce complex three-dimensional (3D) parts that are difficult to fabricate by conventional techniques
The second step forms the feedstock into filaments for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer
The fundamental industrial properties are related to the layer direction of 17-4PH SS parts fabricated by the Filament deposition of metals (FDMet) process
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) can produce complex three-dimensional (3D) parts that are difficult to fabricate by conventional techniques. Popular metal-AM technologies are selective laser sintering (SLS) [6,7,8,9,10,11] and electron beam melting (EBM) [12,13,14,15] Both technologies have been widely reported and are applied in various industries (such as biomedicine, aerospace, and military). MIM is a powder metallurgical process that sinters metal particles at a temperature well below their melting point, thereby conserving heat energy. The fundamental industrial properties (mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and internal structures) are related to the layer direction of 17-4PH SS parts fabricated by the FDMet process. The effects of precipitation-hardening treatment on the mechanical and internal structures of the sintered 17-4PH SS parts were investigated
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