Abstract
• Laser ignition system as a prominent alternative to spark plug ignition has been reviewed. • Laser ignition is superior in context of ignition, combustion, and emission characteristics. • Effect of laser parameters on the performance of internal combustion engines have been studied. • Feasibility of laser ignition with respect to varying ignition location and possibility of multipoint combustion initiation has been reviewed. Internal combustion engines have undergone many technological advancements over the period keeping in mind economic aspects and stringent emission norms in context of global environment changes. Research in this field mainly emphasizes performance enhancement. Improved performance can be in terms of efficiency improvement, emission reduction or higher power output keeping inputs variables unchanged. The key process that can affect all mentioned perspectives is combustion. The ignition system initiates the combustion process and ensures that it happens in an organized manner as per expectations. Laser ignition systems have numerous benefits over spark ignition systems like superior lean burn capacity, excellent control over ignition timings, flexible ignition locations and improved performance and emission characteristics. Majority of studies have used Q-switched Nd: YAG lasers for their research. Laser ignition system comprises different attributes like minimum ignition energy (MIE), wavelength, pulse duration and focal length of lens and focal spot size which has a vital influence on engine combustion characteristics. The purpose of this article is to examine the scope and current level of research towards implementing laser ignition systems in real-world automobiles. Compactness, cost, and misalignment of the laser system due to real-time vibration of engines are a few of the major hurdles. Further research into these important issues, together with the improved benefits of laser ignition, could result in a significant contribution in the automobile sector, with the goal of commercialization.
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