Abstract
A series of La-modified Ru/carbon fiber (CF) catalysts was designed, and used for the conversion of levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL) under batch reactor conditions. The dopant of Lanthanum improved the hydrogenation activity from 37.7μmolgcat−1s−1 to 216.1μmolgcat−1s−1 when the mole La/Ru was 0.5 on the catalyst. Even in low temperatures, the Ru1La0.5/CF catalyst also showed a high activity in the hydrogenation of LA. Aiming at a detailed understanding the role of Ru-La interactions in the catalyst, the Ru1Lax/CF catalysts was characterized by the H2-TPR, H2-TPD, CO2-TPD, XPS, TEM and CO chemsorption. The electron density of Ru species has been enhanced by La addition to Ru/CF. The hydrogenation activity was a consequence of the amount of Ru active site and the promoting effect of Ru-La interaction.
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