Abstract
It has been reported that Lactobacillus gasseri PA3 has an ability to absorb exogenous purines in the intestine to reduce a risk of gout and hyperuricemia. However, influences of this strain on gut microbiota and their metabolisms remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of L. gasseri PA3 on microbiota composition and metabolisms. L. gasseri PA3 was isolated from yogurt and supplemented into a single‐stage colonic fermentation in a culture volume of 30 ml and subjected to in vitro colonic simulation for 8 days. Microbiota composition was determined with 16S rRNA (V3 + V4) sequencing, and their metabolisms were predicted by PICRUSt. Short‐chain fatty acids were measured by GC‐MS. We found that L. gasseri PA3 reduced the diversity of microbiota, increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus (73.5%) and Escherichia (36.5%), and decreased Bacterioides and Phascolarctobacterium. Total amount of short‐chain fatty acids was found to decline. Fundamental metabolisms, especially nucleotide, was significantly higher after intervention with L. gasseri PA3, but the purine metabolism was lower, which means that PA3 might reduce uric acid concentrations by weakening purine metabolism. Our results indicated that L. gasseri PA3 can survive and play a role in the ascending colon environment. Therefore, the evaluation of the effect of L. gasseri PA3 on intestinal microbes and their metabolisms has great guiding significance for the development of treatment to prevent gout.
Highlights
Gut microbiota is an extremely dynamic and complicated ecological environment, which has numerous essential roles in human physiology and is related to chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and autism spectrum disorders (Kałużna‐Czaplińska, Gątarek, Chartrand, Dadar, & Bjorklund, 2017).More than 1011 cfu/g of microbes are found in the colon, which is their area of colonization (Dethlefsen, Huse, Sogin, & Relman, 2008)
Further study shows that L. gasseri PA3 can lower serum uric acid levels even in patients with hyperuricemia and gout (Yamanaka, Taniguchi, Tsuboi, Kano, & Asami, 2018), which is caused by decrease of uric acid excretion or increase of uric acid accumulation because of abnormal purine metabolism (Richette & Bardin, 2010)
In vitro colonic simulation of L. gasseri PA3 digestion showed that dietary intake of Lactobacillus led to a significant change of intestinal microbe composition and that Lactobacillus became dominant bacteria at later stages, decreasing microbial diversity
Summary
Gut microbiota is an extremely dynamic and complicated ecological environment, which has numerous essential roles in human physiology and is related to chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and autism spectrum disorders (Kałużna‐Czaplińska, Gątarek, Chartrand, Dadar, & Bjorklund, 2017).More than 1011 cfu/g of microbes are found in the colon, which is their area of colonization (Dethlefsen, Huse, Sogin, & Relman, 2008). Further study shows that L. gasseri PA3 can lower serum uric acid levels even in patients with hyperuricemia and gout (Yamanaka, Taniguchi, Tsuboi, Kano, & Asami, 2018), which is caused by decrease of uric acid excretion or increase of uric acid accumulation because of abnormal purine metabolism (Richette & Bardin, 2010). The arrival of new species will definitely affect other microorganisms and their metabolism. Irrespective of whether it can colonize the intestine or not, a new steady state of microbial community will be formed, to build a potential barrier against hyperuricemia and gout. This research on the change of intestinal microbial composition and metabolism induced by L. gasseri PA3 having an ability to adsorb purine has been undertaken, which can be a guideline for the development of an effective treatment for hyperuricemia and gout
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