Effect of KOH-enhanced biochar on increasing soil plant-available silicon

Abstract

Bio-based alternative Si fertilizers were developed by pyrolyzing Si-rich agricultural crop residue biomass of rice straw, sugarcane harvest residue, miscanthus, and switchgrass with KOH pretreatment at 0:100, 1:100, 5:100, 10:100, 25:100 and 50:100 KOH:Feedstock biomass ratios (termed 0 KB, 1 KB, 5 KB, 10 KB, 25 KB and 50 KB) and were evaluated for enhancing bioavailable Si in soils. KOH pretreatment enhanced plant-available Si in all feedstocks-derived biochars with rice straw-derived 10 KB biochar exhibiting the highest Si release. SEM-EDX mapping images showed morphological and structural changes of phytoliths in KOH-enhanced biochars which contributed to the increased bioavailable Si. Application of 1% KOH-enhanced biochars to soils significantly increased plant-available Si in soils with minimum effect on soil pH. Perennial ryegrass grown in 10 KB rice straw biochar treated soil increased Si uptake by 31% over 0 KB treated soil and was comparable with mineral Si treatment. Overall, KOH-enhanced biochar as alternative Si source could provide multiple functions in disease control, K nutrition, and C sequestration.