Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the positive effects of Jian-Pi-Zhi-Dong Decoction (JPZDD) on Tourette syndrome (TS) by investigating the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its type A receptor (GABAAR) in the striatum of a TS mice model. The model was induced by 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) treatment; then mice were divided into 4 groups (n=22, each); control and IDPN groups were gavaged with saline and the remaining 2 groups were gavaged with tiapride and JPZDD. We recorded the stereotypic behaviors of TS mice and measured the content of GABA in striatum by HPLC and GABAAR expression by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Our results showed that JPZDD inhibited the abnormal behaviors of TS model mice and decreased GABA levels and GABAAR protein and mRNA expression in the striatum of TS model mice. In brief, the mechanism by which JPZDD alleviates TS symptoms may be associated with GABAAR expression downregulation in striatum which may regulate GABA metabolism.
Highlights
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a developmental neurobehavioral disorder characterized by stereotypic, involuntary, repetitive movements and noises, referred to as chronic motor and vocal tics, respectively [1]
TS mouse model induced by IDPN showed abnormal stereotypes in different degrees
IDPN + Jian-Pi-Zhi-Dong Decoction (JPZDD) group groups according to the score to ensure that there was no statistical significance among these groups, and we gave the different treatment
Summary
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a developmental neurobehavioral disorder characterized by stereotypic, involuntary, repetitive movements and noises, referred to as chronic (more than one year) motor and vocal tics, respectively [1]. The basal ganglia form a network of interconnected subcortical structures, including the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. In the cortico-striato-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuit, the cerebral cortex provides the main input to the striatum; the striatum relays information to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra through two pathways: one excitatory (direct pathway) and one inhibitory (indirect pathway). Malfunction of these circuits may contribute to the behaviors that manifest as tics. The results obtained in these previous studies were inconclusive Both DA and GABAergic neurons are crucial for the maintenance of basal ganglia circuits. Dopaminergic and GABAergic systems interact in the basal ganglia system; GABAergic neurons in corticostriatal pathways have been reported to either directly or indirectly activate the dopaminergic system
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