Abstract
This study assessed the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the in vitro development and production of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plant material, and the accumulation of polyphenols, chlorophylls, and carotenoids in explants. Results were compared with explants grown in control media and with in-vivo-grown mature and young L. angustifolia plants. After 21 days of incubation, all explants propagated on low-SA-concentration or elicitor-free media produced a greater number of shoots than explants cultivated on media with higher elicitor concentrations. Shoots grew taller when activated charcoal (AC) was added to the elicitor-supplemented media, while AC negatively affected or had no effect on the phytochemical composition of plants. Explants grown in the presence of elicitors had higher polyphenolic and chlorophyll content than the controls, demonstrating the beneficial impact of elicitors on the secretion of secondary metabolites. Lutein and β-carotene were the dominating carotenoids in all samples. Culture media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L JA and 1.5 mg/L SA + AC proved the most suitable to produce plant material with high polyphenol and carotenoid content, comparable with in-vivo-grown plants.
Highlights
Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is a well-known member of the Lamiaceae family
The aim of this research was to assess the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on in vitro shoot proliferation of L. angustifolia as well as on the production of bioactive compounds
In the case of SA this could be further increased by adding activated charcoal (AC) to the culture medium
Summary
Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is a well-known member of the Lamiaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region but is grown in many other parts of the world [1]. The great interest associated with this plant relies on its ability to produce essential oils widely used in the perfume, cosmetic, flavoring, and pharmaceutical industries [2]. Essential oils are a mixture of chemical compounds, primarily monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes [3,4], that confer Lavandula its antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties [5,6,7,8]. L. angustifolia explants produce polyphenols and carotenoids, which play an important role in human health through their therapeutic effect against several diseases, their antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and their regulation of metabolism [9,10,11]. Metabolites can be isolated from naturally-grown plants, but their commercial production in this manner is limited due to environmental constraints [12]. The main advantage of tissue culture over conventional horticultural propagation is the production of large numbers of high-quality and uniform plants that are disease free and can be multiplied year-round, Agronomy 2020, 10, 1722; doi:10.3390/agronomy10111722 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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