Effect of Jakyakgamcho-Tang Extracts on H2O2-Induced C2C12 Myoblasts.

Young Sook Kim,Heung Joo Yuk,Dong Seon Kim

doi:10.3390/molecules26010215

Young Sook Kim, Heung Joo Yuk + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010215

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to muscle aging and loss of muscle tissue. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) has been used in traditional Eastern medicine to treat muscle pain. Here, we compared the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in 30% ethanol and water extracts of JGT and tested the preventive effects against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide)-induced cell death in murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in 30% ethanol extracts of JGT were higher than those of water extracts of JGT. Ethanol extracts of JGT (JGT-E) had stronger antioxidant activities of 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging activity (DPPH) than water extracts of JGT (JGT-W). JGT-E contained 19–53% (1.8 to 4.9-fold) more active compounds (i.e., albiflorin, liquiritin, pentagalloylglucose, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizin) than JGT-W. The ethanol extracts of JGT inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation more effectively than the water extract of JGT in a dose-dependent manner. For the first time, these results suggest that ethanol extract of JGT is relatively more efficacious at protecting against oxidative stress-induced muscle cell death.

Highlights

Sarcopenia, or aging-associated muscle loss, affects 10% of all adults aged over 50 years old
The JGT extracts were prepared by accurately weighing out 15 g of P. lactiflora root and 7.5 g of G. uralensis root and by mixing them according to the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
The H2O2 treatment was cytotoxic to C2C12, but both JGT-W and JGT-E helped prevent cell death. To determine whether this protection was related to the antioxidant effects of JGT-W and JGT-E in C2C12, we evaluated whether JGT-W and JGT-E could inhibit intracellular Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in H2O2-treated cells

Summary

Introduction

Sarcopenia, or aging-associated muscle loss, affects 10% of all adults aged over 50 years old. Muscle aging is characterized by a decline in function and a loss of tissue. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the main mechanisms of skeletal muscle senescence and are associated with increased protein breakdown, decreased protein synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis [1,2]. The increase in ROS levels has harmful effects on cell homeostasis, structure, and functions, and results in oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induces atrophy and loss in myotubes, and it is used as an exogenous oxidant treatment to promote free radical generation in both isolated skeletal muscle and in in vitro myotubes [3]

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