Effect of isoproturon pretreatment on the biochemical toxicodynamics of anilofos in male rats

Abstract

Anilofos and isoproturon are important herbicides of organophosphorus and substituted phenylurea groups, respectively. Isoproturon is an inducer of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Animals and humans have the potential to be exposed to the mixture of these intentionally introduced environmental xenobiotics, but toxicological interactions between these herbicides are not known. Effects of isoproturon pretreatment (675 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days) on the toxic actions of anilofos administered orally as a single dose (850 mg/kg) were evaluated by determining some biochemical attributes in blood (erythrocyte/plasma), brain and liver of rats. Anilofos or isoproturon alone or in combination failed to produce any noticeable signs of cholinergic hyperactivity and behavioural alterations. Isoproturon did not potentiate the anticholinesterase action of anilofos in blood and liver. Inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase was significantly protected. No significant alteration in anilofos-mediated production of lipid peroxidation was observed in erythrocyte and brain of isoproturon-pretreated rats, but it was significantly increased in liver. Anilofos did not affect GSH and GST. The isoproturon-mediated increase in GSH levels of brain (threefold) and liver (3.6-fold) was also not affected following combined administration. GST activity was increased in liver of rats given isoproturon alone (fourfold) or in combination with anilofos (2.8-fold). Activities of total ATPase, Mg 2+-ATPase and Na +-K +-ATPase were not affected in rats given either anilofos alone or herbicides in sequence. With these treatments, there were no alterations in the protein content of plasma, brain and liver. Overall findings of the study indicate that isoproturon pretreatment does not alter the toxicity of anilofos, the GSH–GST metabolic pathway may not have a significant implication in the detoxification of anilofos and the production of a reactive oxygen species may be a factor in mediating anilofos toxicity.